Interaction Research

My research involving augmentative communication has generally focused on how individuals with impaired movement, including those with cerebral palsy and motor neuron disease, engage in interactions with others, using their bodies and augmentative communication technology. Much of my work has focused on the distortions in interaction time related to the augmented speaker's slowly composed productions and the consequent adaptations made by the interactants to accommodate the increased demands on attention, vigilance, memory, etc. In general, my research has focused on the interactional costs inherent in the use of augmentative devices and how they can be designed to avoid some of these “designed” impediments. My research has utilized both group level experimental designs, as well as smaller and more intense microanalytic investigations.

CADL currently collaborates with the Center for Literacy and Disability Studies (UNC – Chapel Hill) on a 5-year grant from the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation, Engineering Research. The purpose of Project OPEN is to:

• Determine the role of composition delay in creating problems for individuals with CCN and their partners in carrying out in-person interactions
• Identify the strategies used by participants to stay in-time and\/or overcome problems during talk-in-interaction.
• Identify interaction similarities and differences across individuals with ALS, cerebral palsy, and intellectual and developmental disabilities.
• Build a web-based open-source AAC prototype for research and development.

Work with Industry & Technology

In the mid- 1990’s I helped to start Enkidu Research, which developed some of the first handheld AAC technologies. With David Wilkins, we developed Frametalker, a technology for the use of utterance- based communication in AAC (received 4 patents), which was licensed by the Dynavox Corporation. As a founding member of the Rehabilitation and Engineering Research Center for Communication Enhancement (1998 – 2014), my laboratory was responsible for the development of automated data logging technologies for AAC and dynamic word prediction that uses the internet for dynamic fringe vocabulary. From 2014 - 2020, I partnered with Bryan Moulton, UltraBlue LLC, to develop Therapy Science (http://therapy-science.com), a web portal which provides powerful single case design and tracking tools and curriculum material for speech-language pathology.

• PhD, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1985. Comparative Studies in Human Social Interaction.
• MS, Communicative Disorders, 1979, University of Louisville. Thesis.
• AB, Psychology, 1975, Indiana University.

• Department Chair, June 2014 – 2020
• Promotion to Full Professor, 2008.
• Graduate faculty, Rehabilitation Science, 2007 to present.
• Promotion to Associate Professor with tenure, 1995.
• Director, Communication and Assistive Device Laboratory. 1989 – present.
• Assistant Professor, 1989 to 1995
• Research Assistant Professor, 1986-1989.

• Recipient, Fellow of the American Speech-Language and Hearing Association, 2014
• Recipient, Honors of the Association in the Profession for Speech-Language Pathology; Speech and Hearing Association of Western New York, 2013.
• Recipient, Licensed Innovation award, The Research Foundation, The State University of New York: Innovation, Creation and Discovery, November, 3, 2005.
• Recipient, Licensed Innovation award, The Research Foundation, The State University of New York: Innovation, Creation and Discovery, November 3, 2005.
• Nominee, Inventor of the Year, Niagara Frontier Intellectual Property Law Association and the Technical Societies Council of the Niagara Frontier, 2002.
• U.S. Department of Education, Mary E. Switzer Distinguished Research Fellow. 1996-1997. Editors Award, Augmentative and Alternative Comunication, 1995.
  

• Trinity College Long Room Hub Arts and Humanities Research Institute Visiting Research Fellowship. June 2015
• Visiting Research Scientist, Max Planck Institute of Psycholinguistics. Nijmegen, Netherlands. April, 1997

• Project Open: Improving In-Person Expressive Communication With Open Source Technologies. (2020). 90DPCP0007 Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects (DRRP) Program: Technology for Expressive Communication. Administration for Community Living. ($2,500,000). PI: Erickson, (UNC) / Co-PIs Higginbotham (UB) Geist (UNC)
• Project pART-IcP-ATE (ART, InterProfessional education, Access Through Technology) (2016). $50,000 total President’s Circle Award (internal). Higginbotham & Burkard (co-PIs).
• Rehab. Engineering Research Center on Com. Enhancement III. (2008 - 2014). National INstitute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. $5,000,000. PI: DeRuyter (Duke), CoPIs: Beukelman (U Nebraska, Fried-Oken, Higginbotham, Light & McNaughton (PennState)
  
• Comparative Outcomes: Effectiveness of Digital and Synthetic Augmentative Alternative Communication Devices for Children who are Non-speaking with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Institute for Matching Person and Technology. (2008 - 2011). $79,500.
• H133E980026 RERC on Communication Enhancement II (2003 - 2008). National INstitute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. $5,000,000. PI: DeRuyter (Duke), CoPIs: Beukelman (U Nebraska, Blackstone (Cal), Higginbotham (UB), Light & McNaughton (PennState).  
• H133E980026 RERC on Communication Enhancement I (1998 - 2003) National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. $4,500,000. PI: DeRuyter (Duke), CoPIs: Beukelman (U Nebraska, Blackstone (Cal), Higginbotham (UB), Light & McNaughton (PennState).
• OSHEI Foundation: Signature Center For Excellence in Augmented Communication. (2004 - 2006) Higginbotham (PI). $220,000
• Recipient, Department of Education, National Institute on Disability Research and Rehabilitation, Switzer Fellowship, The utilization of communication frames to develop augmentative communication technologies. $40,000.
• Pre-professional preparation grant, Specialist in augmentative communication and technology transition. 1992-1995. HIgginbotham (PI). $255,000.
• Clinical Investigator Award:  Communication device effect on conversational performance. Principal Investigator, NIDCD. (1989-1994). Higginbotham (PI). $305,600.
  
•  Transdisciplinary Communication Specialists for multihandicapped individuals. (1989 – 1992). Department of Education. Higginbotham (PI). $237,000.

• 2R43 CA80715-01Frametalker: An Utterance-Based Augmentative Device II. NIDCD. Moulton(PI) $650,000 total 08/01/01-08/30/03
• NIDCD / SBIR:
• 1R43 DC04497-01 Web-Based Delivery of Virtual AAC Technologies. NIDCD  (05/01/00-04/30/01). Lesher (PI) $100,000 total
• 1R43 DC04383-01 Augmentative Communication Utilizing Speech Recognition. NIDCD, (01/01/00-12/31/00) Lesher(PI), $100,000
• 2R44HD33961-02A1 A Comprehensive Augmentative Communication System. NIHD, (07/01/98-06/30/00) Lesher (PI), $100,000.
• 1R43 RR13220-01. Abbreviation Expansion for Augmentative Communication.NIDCD, ( 09/30/97 to 03/31/98) Lesher (PI),  $100,000.
• 1R43 HD33961-01. A Reconfigurable System for Augmentative Communication. NICHHD, (05/01/96 to 10/31/9. Lesher (PI), $96,000.

• Seale, J.,  Bisantz, A., Higginbotham, J. (2020). Interaction Symmetry: Assessing Augmented and       Oral Speaker Performances across Four Communication Tasks. Augmentative and Alternative               Communication. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 36 (2), 82-94.
• Fulcher-Rood, K., Castilla-Earls, A., & Higginbotham, J. (2020). What Does Evidence-Based Practice Mean to You? A Follow-Up Study Examining School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists’ Perspectives on Evidence-Based Practice. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.
• Savolainen, I., Klippi, A., Tykkylainen, T., Higginbotham, J., Launonen, K. (2020). The structure of turn-transitions and participants’ practices in aided conversations. Augmentative and Alternative Communication., 36 (1), 18-30.
• Fulcher-Rood, K., Castilla-Earls, A., & Higginbotham, J. (2019). Diagnostic Decisions in Child Language Assessment: Findings From a Case Review Assessment Task. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 1–14.
• Higginbotham, J., Satchidanand, A., (2019).  From Triangle to Diamond: Recognizing and Using Data to Inform our Evidence-Based Practice. Featured Article, ASHA Access Academics & Research, April. http://access-academics-research@asha.org
• Fulcher-Rood, K & Higginbotham, J. (2019). Interacting With ALS: Time, Media, Modality, and Collaboration. Topics in Language Disorders.
• Benda, N.C., Fairbanks, R.J., Higginbotham, D.J., Lin, L., Bisantz, A.M. (2019). “An Observational Study to Understand Interpreter Service Use in Emergency Medicine – Why the Key to Improvement May Lie Outside of the Provider Assessment”. Emergency Medicine Journal.
• Tiferes, J., Hussein, A. A., Bisantz, A., Higginbotham, D. J., Sharif, M., Kozlowski, J., ... & Guru, K. (2019). Are gestures worth a thousand words? Verbal and nonverbal communication during robot-assisted surgery. Applied Ergonomics, 78, 251-262.
• Fulcher-Rood, K., Castilla, A., & Higginbotham, J. (2018). School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists’ Perspectives on Diagnostic Decision Making. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, 2,  796-812
• Subrahmaniyan, N., Higginbotham, D. J., & Bisantz, A. M. (2018). Using Personas to Support Augmentative Alternative Communication Device Design: A Validation and Evaluation Study. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 34(1), 84-97.
• Pullin, G., Treviranus, J., Patel, R., & Higginbotham, J. (2017). Designing interaction, voice, and inclusion in AAC research. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 33(3), 139-148.
• Higginbotham, J. (2017). Chapter 2: Thinking Critically about Clinical Evidence v 1.1. In Higginbotham, J., Appraising Change: Making Evidence-Informed Decisions in Speech-Language Pathology. Spencerport: Ultra-Blue, LLC. http://therapy-science.com.
•  Higginbotham, J. (2018). Chapter 4: Formulating Interventions Plans v 1.1. In Higginbotham, J., Appraising Change: Making Evidence-Informed Decisions in Speech-Language Pathology. Spencerport: Ultra-Blue, LLC. http://therapy-science.com.
• Tiferes, J., Bisantz, A. M., Bolton, M. L., Higginbotham, D. J., O’Hara, R. P., Wawrzyniak, N. K., Guru, K. A. (2016). Multimodal team interactions in Robot-Assisted Surgery. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 60(1), 518–522.
• Subrahmaniyan, N., Fulcher, K. R., Hutchinson, T. E., Min, H., Seale, J. M., Bisantz, A. M., & Higginbotham, D. J. (2013, September). Application of personas in the design of augmentative alternative communication devices. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 1022-1026). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
• Higginbotham, DJ., Fulcher, K, Seale, J. (2016).  Time and Timing in ALS in Interactions Involving Individuals with ALS, Their Unimpaired Partners and their Speech Generating Devices in Martine Smith (ed), Language learning and language use in aided communication. J&R Publishers, London.
• Engelke, CR & Higginbotham, DJ (2013). Looking to speak: On the temporality of misalignment in interaction involving an augmented communicator using eye-gaze technology. Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders, 4 (1), 95-122.
• Higginbotham, DJ & Engelke, CR (2013). A Primer for Doing Talk-in-interaction Research in Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Augmentative and Alternative Communication. 29, 3-19.
• Fager, S., Bardach, L., Russell, S., & Higginbotham, D. Jeffery (2012). Access to Augmentative and Alternative Communication: New Technologies and Clinical Decision-Making. Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine. 5, 53-61.
• Higginbotham, D. J, Lesher, G., Rorke, B., & Moulton, B. (2012). The Application of Natural Language Processing to Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Assistive Technology, 12(1), 14-24.
• Higginbotham, D. Jeffery (2009). In-person Interaction in AAC: New perspectives on utterances, multimodality, timing and device design. Perspectives on Augmentative Communication, 18(4), 154-160.
• Higginbotham, D.J. (2010). Humanizing vox artificialis : the role of speech synthesis in augmentative and alternative communication. In J. Mullennix and S. Stern (eds.), Computer synthesized speech technologies: tools for aiding impairment, Hershey: Medical Information Science Reference. pp. 50-70.
• Higginbotham, D. J. (2009). In-Person Interaction in AAC: New Perspectives on Utterances, Multimodality, Timing, and Device Design. Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 18 (4), 110-160.
• Higginbotham, J., et al. (2009). AAC Technology Transfer: An AAC-RERC Report. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 25, 68-76.
• Wisenburn, B., Higginbotham, D.J. (2009). Participant Evaluations of Rate and Communication Efficacy of an AAC Application Using Natural Language Processing. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 25 (2), 78-89.
• Higginbotham, D. J, Bisantz, A. M., Sunm, M., Yik, F., Adams, K. (2009). The effect of context priming and task type on augmentative communication performance. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 25(1), 19 - 31.
• Higginbotham, D. Jeffery, Wilkins, D. (2009). In-person Interaction in AAC: New perspectives on utterances, multimodality, timing and device design. Perspectives on Augmentative Communication, 10pp.
• Wisenburn, B., Higginbotham, D. Jeffery (2009). Participant Evaluations of Rate and Communication Efficacy of an AAC Application Using Natural Language Processing. To appear in Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 12 pp.
• Todman, J., Alm, N.,Higginbotham, D.J., File, P. (2008). Whole utterance approach in AAC. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 24(3), 235 - 254.
• Wisenburn, B., Higginbotham, D. Jeffery (2008). An AAC Application Using Speaking Partner Speech Recognition to Automatically Produce Contextually Relevant Utterances: Objective Results. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 24(2), 100 - 109.
• Higginbotham, J., Shane, H., Russell, S., & Caves,K. (2007). Access to AAC: Present, Past, and Future. Augmentative and Alternative Communication.23 (3), 243 – 257.
• Higginbotham, D. Jeffery, Beukelman, D., Blackstone, S., Bryen, D., Caves, K., Deruyter, F., Jakobs, T., Light, J., McNaughton, D., Moulton, B., Williams, M. (2009). AAC Technology Transfer: An AAC-RERC Report. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 25, 68 - 76.
• Higginbotham, D.J. Kim, K. & Scally, C. (2007). The effect of the communication output method on augmented interaction. Augmentative and Alternative Communication,23(2), 140-153.
• Smith, L., Higginbotham, D.J., Lesher, G. & Mathy, P. (2006). The Development of an Automated Method for Analyzing Communication Rate in Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Assistive Technology. 18, 107-121.
• Capilouto, G.J., Higginbotham, J., McClenaghan, B., Williams, H., & Dickerson, J. (2005). Comparison of a head operated device and expanded keyboard in a target acquisition task. Technology and Disability.
• Burkard, R., Higginbotham, D.J., Lezynski, J. and Stecker, N. (2005). The AuD Program at the University at Buffalo, American Journal of Audiology, 13 (2), 118-125.
• Welland, R., Lubinski, R. & Higginbotham, D.J. (2003). Discourse Comprehension Test Performance of Elders with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type. Journal of Speech, Languge and Hearing Research, 45, 1175-1187.
• Higginbotham, D. J. (2003). Formulating research questions: Linking theory to the research process. In R. W. Schlosser (Ed.), The Efficacy of Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Toward Evidence-Based Practices (pp. 43-55). St. Louis: Elsevier.
• Higginbotham, D.J. (2002). Constructing Research Questions in Augmentative Communication. In J. Clibbens (ed). Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Proceedings from the 6th ISAAC Research Symposium.
• Higginbotham, D.J., Lesher, G.W., Moulton, B.J. & Rinkus, G.J. (2002) Automated Data Logging in Augmentative Communication. In J. Winters, C. Robinson, R. Simpson, G. Vanderheiden, Eds.), Emerging and Accessible Telecommunications, Information and Healthcare Technologies – Engineering Challenges in Enabling Universal Access. Arlington, Resna Press. 82-94.
• Higginbotham, D. J. & Caves, K. (2002). AAC performance and usability issues: the effect of AAC technology on the communicative process. Assistive Technology 14(1): 45-57.
• Higginbotham, D.J., Lesher, G.W., Moulton, B.J. & Rinkus, G.J. (2002) Automated Data Logging in Augmentative Communication. In J. Winters, C. Robinson, R. Simpson, G. Vanderheiden, Eds.), Emerging and Accessible Telecommunications, Information and Healthcare Technologies – Engineering Challenges in Enabling Universal Access. Arlington, Resna Press. 82-94.
• Higginbotham, D.J. & Wilkins, D.P. (1999). Slipping through the timestream: Time and timing issues in augmentative communication. To appear in J. Duchan, D. Kovarsky & M. Maxwell (eds.), The social construction of language incompetence, Lawrence Ehrlbaum, Publisher. pp 49 – 82.
• Lesher, G., Moulton, B. & Higginbotham, D.J. (1999). Scanning alternatives for augmentative communication systems. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 14, 81-101.
• Lesher, G., Moulton, B., & Higginbotham. D.J.(1998). Optimal arrangements for ambiguous keyboards. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, 6, 415-423.
• Higginbotham, D. J. Communication technologies for elders: An overview. In Lubinski & D.J. Higginbotham (eds.) (1997). Communication Technologies for Elder Individuals. San Diego: Singular Publishing.
• Higginbotham, D. J., & Baird, E. (1995). Analysis of listeners' summaries of synthesized speech passages. AAC Augmentative & Alternative Communication, 11(2), 101-112.
• Higginbotham, D. J., & Bedrosian, J. L. (1995). Subject selection in AAC research: Decision points. AAC Augmentative & Alternative Communication, 11(1), 11-13.
• Higginbotham, D.J., Sonnenmeier, R. Lawrence-Dederich, S. & Kim, K. (1995). Assistive technologies for disorders of expressive communication and cognition. In W. Mann and J. Lane (eds.). Assistive Communication for Persons with Disabilities. American Occupational Therapy Association: Rockville, MD. 97-124.
• Hosenfield, C. Duchan, J.F., & Higginbotham, D.J. (1995). Deixis in persuasive texts written by bilinguals of differing degrees of expertise. In J.F. Duchan, G. Bruder and L. Hewitt, Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Project. Ehrlbaum: Hillsdale NJ. 407-420.
• Higginbotham, D. J., Scally, C. A., Lundy, D. C., & Kowarsky, K. (1995). Discourse comprehension of synthetic speech across three augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) output methods. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 38(4), 889-901.
• Higginbotham, D. J., Drazek, A., L. Kowarsky, K., Scally, C., & Segal, E. (1994). Discourse comprehension of synthetic speech delivered at normal and slow presentation rates. AAC Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 10(3), 191-202.
• Higginbotham, D. J. (1989). The interplay of communication device output mode and interaction style between nonspeaking persons and their speaking partners. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 54(3), 320-333.
• Higginbotham, D.J., Mathy-Laikko, P, & Yoder, D.E. (1988). Studying the conversations of nonspeaking persons. In L. Bernstein (Ed.), The Vocally Impaired:  Research and Clinical Issues. New York: Academic Press, 265-294.

Current Doctoral Committee Chair & Memberships

• Antara Satchinand, CDS (committee chair)
• Mengyang Qui, CDS (committee member)

Past Dissertation Committee Work

• Nat Benda, Using cognitive work analysis to understand and improve department care providers, 2018. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering.
• Haesik Min – Writing Development: A process-oriented Approach, CDS, (Committee co-chair)Completed. August, 2017.
• Judith Tiferes, Team Interactions During Robot-Assisted Surgery, ISE Human Factors (committee member). Completed February, 2017
• Jenn Seale, Communicative Performance Across Four Tasks in Augmented & Mouth Speaker Dyadic Interactions CDS, (Committee Chair) Completed. August, 2016.
• Katrina Fulcher – PHD Committee Chair. Dissertation Title: Utilization of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication Device Display Screen During Two Different Communication Tasks Involving Individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Completed August, 2014
• Neeraja Subrahmanyan. Use of personas to facilitate AAC assessment. Dissertation co-Chair with Ann Bisantz (Industrial Engineering).  Completed May, 2014
• Fei Luo, CDS (PhD Chair)
• Dawn Vogler-Elias, CDS (PhD. member)
• Dawn Radice, Rehabilitation Science (PhD. member)
• Susan Mann-Dolce, Rehabilitation Science, Ethnographic approach to analyzing disability communication and interaction, May, 2007.
• Bruce Wisenburn, CDS, The use of natural language processing for augmentative-alternative communication utterance generation, Dissertation, May, 2005.
• Kyung-Eun Kim, CDS, Effect of speech rate on the comprehension and subjective judgments of synthesized narrative discourse. Dissertation, May, 2001.
• (co-chair with Duchan) Rae Sonnenmeier, CDS, The acquisition of Minspeak symbol system by normal subjects Dissertation, August, 1999.
• Sutanuka Bhattacharjya (Rehabiliation Science) Committee member.
• Jim Lenker, Industrial Engineering (Ph.D., member). Functional and Psychosocial Impact of Computer-Based Assistive Technology Devices for Adults with Disabilities, May, 2005.
• Terry Welch, Rehabilitation Science, Competency assessments of children with spina bifida., April, 2004.
• Richard Welland, CDS, Transparency and learnability of the Amerind gestural system by individuals with dementia - Alzheimer’s Type. Doctoral Dissertation, May, 1999.
• J.B. Orange, CDS, Analysis of troublesource-repair variables in conversations of the elderly and individuals with dementia of the alzheimer’s type. Doctoral Dissertation, 1992.
• Thiagarajan Palanivel, Industrial Engineering, Individual differences in information processing: Implications for interface design.  Doctoral Dissertation, 1994.
• Shirley McNaughton (University of Toronto). Reading acquisition of adults with severe congenital speech and physical impairments: Theoretical infrastructure, empirical investigation, educational application. December, 1998 (Ph.D.. outside reviewer).
• Rupal Patel, (University of Toronto). Machine Recognition of Dysarthric Speech May, 1999 (Ph.D., outside reviewer).
• Cynthia Tam, (University of Toronto). Evaluating the Effect of word prediction and location of word prediction list on text entry with children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. (Ph.D., outside reviewer) May, 2001.
• Katya Hill, Performance Measurement and the Establishment of Performance Indices for Augmented Communicators Under Two Sampling Conditions. May, 2001 (Ph.D., committee member).
• Huber, Jessica CDS, Respiratory and laryngeal responses to an oral air pressure bleed during speech. May 2001 (committee member).

Thesis committee Chair

• Alexis Rayman (ongoing).
• Kayla Conner (ongoing)
• Koroschetz, Jordynn. The Impact of Composition Delay in Augmentative Communication Talk-In-Interaction. Diss. State University of New York at Buffalo, 2020..
• Antara Satchidanand, CDS. The Role of Data in Clinical Decision-Making: a Descriptive Study (Committee Chair). July, 2016.
• Alex Foote, Contemporary Commercial Music (Ccm) Singers: Examining Lifestyle Choices And Acoustic Measures Of Voice, May, 2015.(committee member)
• Carly Hanna, Learning to use an Utterance-Based AAC Device. Masters Thesis, 2012
• Sari Gilboa, Using a visual scenes display with a child with complex communication needs: a single case approach (working title). Masters Thesis anticipated September, 2007.
• Jillian Pitaro. User-centered intervention model for social communication. Masters Thesis, May, 2005.
• Laura Smith, The evaluation of automated methods for analyzing communication rate in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), Masters Thesis, May, 2003.
• Sumana Jana, Views of assistive technologies by persons with disabilities, their families, careproviders and clinicians. Masters Thesis, 1997.

• CDS 480: Clinical Observation Methods
• CDS 502: Evaluating Clinical Change
• CDS 670: Augmentative Communication
• CDS 681, 683: Seminar in Augmentative Communication Research
• CDS 681: Seminar in Language Transcription and Analysis
• CDS 687: Doctoral Seminar

• Program Chair, 2008 Clinical AAC Conference.
• ISAAC Program Committee, 1996 Convention.
• Co-organizer for conference on Augmentative Communication Research. Sponsored by NIDCD, 2004.
• ISAAC Program Committee, 1994 Convention.
• ASHA Language Disorders IV Program Committee Chair, 1992 convention.
• ASHA Language Disorders IV, Program Committee Chair, 1991 convention.