• PhD, Stanford University, 1971

Renaissance Italy, Italian humanism, history of the city

Current Research
Image and Idea of the City in the Italian Renaissance

• Humanism and the Church Fathers: Ambrogio Traversari (1386-1439) and Christian Antiquity in the Italian Renaissance (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1977);
• The Renaissance in Rome (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985; pb. ed. 1998)

• Helen and Howard R. Marraro Prize in Italian History from the American Historical Association for The Renaissance in Rome (1985)